A simple core ontology created by Jane Hunter and Carl Lagoze for the harmony project. Translated in to OWL by Suzanne Little. Place An entity which represents spatial location. It can be used to specify the location of either Temporalities (Events and Situations) or Actualities. An Event marks a transition between Situations, one that is associated with the event through a precedes property and another through a follows property. Event Work An Abstraction that is intellectual property in the IFLA FRBR sense. A Work is an abstract concept which can not exist in a model in isolation, but is only revealed when it has been actualized in some Manifestation. Item A form of an Artifact used to establish a set of identical copies. Abstraction A primitive ontology category for sub-classing categories of entities that are pure information or concepts (stands in contrast to the Actuality category). Situation A Situation is a context for making timedependent or existential assertions aboutActualities. Each Situation can act as context for existential facets of multiple Actualities. Action An activity or verb performed by some Agent or Agents in the context of an Event. Time An entity which represents either a time span or point in time and which can be used to confine the temporal extent of Temporalities (Events or Situations). Manifestation A form of an Artifact that stands as the sensible realization of a Work. Actuality A primitive ontology category for sub-classing categories of entities that have a tangible existence in some world view. Entity The primitive category having no differentiae. Agent An Actuality that is present during an Event or is the party of some Action. For example, Agents may be persons, instruments, organizations, etc. Temporality A primitive ontology category for sub-classing categories of entities that provide time existential contexts. Artifact A type of Actuality that is the tangible realization of some consciously conceived Abstraction. hasAction An Event can have one or more Actions, which are verbs performed by Agents in the context of the Event. contains Establishes a "contains" relationship between one Entity and another (inverse of isPartOf). The inverse properties are explicitly expressed due to the need to model the notion of an Actuality that does not makes sense without its parts and, equally, the notion of an Actuality that does not makes sense without its containment. hasPresence Associates an Agent as being present in the context of an Event. The notion of "presence" is purposely weak – there is no implication that the target Agent is an active participant in the transition marked by the Event. involves Expresses the involvement of an Actuality in the performance of an Action or an Event. There is no implication of transformation or lack thereof in this use. (Such specialization of involves is expressed using the hasPatient and usesTool properties.) usesTool A specialization of involves that in effect weakens the notion of involvement of the Actuality in the Action or Event - e.g., it is used but not transformed as in the case of a camera in the production of a picture. isSubEventOf Establishes a Part of relationship between one Event and another; e.g., the relationship between "D-Day" and "World War II". hasParticipant Refines hasPresence to associate an Agent as an active participant in an Event or Action. Combined with the hasPatient and hasResult properties attached to an Action, this permits definite statements of subject and causality. hasPatient Strengthens the notion of involves to the classic patient sense stating that the Actuality that is the value of this property is transformed by the Action or Event. For example, the action expressing the rebinding of a book might have the book related via a hasPatient property. hasRealization Binds a Manifestation within the conceptual umbrella of a Work. A Work may have several hasRealization properties, which establishes a fuzzy equivalence set among Manifestations, implicitly stating that the properties of the subject Work are shared across the object Manifestation(s). creates Specializes hasResult to mean the coming into existence of the Actuality that is the value of this property. This means that the Actuality can be assumed to not exist in Situations prior to the one in which the created instance of the Actuality appears. follows Binds a Situation and the Actualities within its context as existing after an Event. There is no explicit implication of causality between the Event and Actualities existing in the Situation that is the value of the follows property. Causality between Events or Actions in Events and Actualities is established through the hasResult property and its sub-properties. hasResult Expresses the result of an Actuality, which always must be in an existential facet, in the performance of an Action (in the context of an Event). isPartOf Establishes an "is Part Of" relationship between one Entity and another (it is the inverse of the contains Relationship). phaseOf Establishes the relationship between an existential facet and a universal facet of an Actuality. destroys A specialization of hasPatient that indicates that the value Actuality ceases to exist in Situation(s) that follow the Event. Any Actuality that is not explicitly destroyed can be assumed to exist in subsequent Situations even though it might not be explicitly represented. precedes Binds a Situation and the Actualities within its context as existing before an Event. hasCopy Binds an Item as one of several copies of a Manifestation. A Manifestation may have several hasCopy properties, which establishes an exact equivalence set among Manifestations, implicitly stating that the properties of the subject Manifestation are shared across the object Item(s). inContext Establishes an Actuality as an existential, which means that its property set exists within the context of Situation that is associated as the value of this property.